The Growth of Populism
The Grange borrowed heavily from the Freemasons, employing complex rituals and regalia.
Organization was inevitable. Like the oppressed laboring classes of the East, it was only a matter of time before Western farmers would attempt to use their numbers to effect positive change.
Farmers Organize
In 1867, the first such national organization was formed. Led by OLIVER KELLEY, thePATRONS OF HUSBANDRY, also known as theGRANGE, organized to address the social isolation of farm life. Like other SECRET SOCIETIES, such as the MASONS,GRANGERS had local chapters with secret passwords and rituals.
The local Grange sponsored dances and gatherings to attack the doldrums of daily life. It was only natural that politics and economics were discussed in these settings, and the Grangers soon realized that their individual problems were common.
Identifying the railroads as the chief villains, Grangers lobbied state legislatures for regulation of the industry. By 1874, several states passed theGRANGER LAWS, establishing maximum shipping rates. Grangers also pooled their resources to buy grain elevators of their own so that members could enjoy a break on grain storage.
Morgan dollar (1878-1891)
FARMERS' ALLIANCES went one step further. Beginning in 1889, NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN FARMERS' ALLIANCESchampioned the same issues as the Grangers, but also entered the political arena. Members of these alliances won seats in state legislatures across the Great Plains to strengthen the agrarian voice in politics.
Creating Inflation
What did all the farmers seem to have in common? The answer was simple: debt. Looking for solutions to this condition, farmers began to attack the nation's monetary system. As of 1873, Congress declared that all federal money must be backed by gold. This limited the nation's money supply and benefited the wealthy.
The farmers wanted to create INFLATION. Inflation actually helps debtors. If a farmer owes $3,000 and can earn $1 for every bushel of wheat sold at harvest, he needs to sell 3,000 bushels to pay off the debt. If inflation could push the price of a bushel of wheat up to $3, he needs to sell only 1,000 bushels. The economics are simple.
To create inflation, farmers suggested that the money supply be expanded to include dollars not backed by gold. The first strategy farmers attempted was to encourage Congress to print GREENBACK DOLLARS like the ones issued during the Civil War. Since the greenbacks were not backed by gold, more dollars could be printed, creating an inflationary effect.
The GREENBACK PARTY and the GREENBACK-LABOR PARTY each ran candidates for President in 1876, 1880, and 1884 under this platform. No candidate was able to muster national support for the idea, and soon farmers chose another strategy.
Inflation could also be created by printing money that was backed by silver as well as gold. This idea was more popular because people were more confident in their money if they knew it was backed by something of value. Also, America had a tradition of coining SILVER MONEY until 1873.
Many believe that The Wizard of Oz was written as an allegory of the age of Populism.
Birth of the Populists
Out of the ashes of the Greenback-Labor Party grew the POPULIST PARTY. In addition to demanding the free coinage of silver, thePOPULISTS called for a host of other reforms. They demanded a graduated income tax, whereby individuals earning a higher income paid a higher percentage in taxes.
They wanted political reforms as well. At this point, United States Senators were still not elected by the people directly; they were instead chosen by state legislatures. The Populists demanded a constitutional amendment allowing for the direct election of Senators.
They demanded democratic reforms such as the initiative, where citizens could directly introduce debate on a topic in the legislatures. The referendum would allow citizens — rather than their representatives — to vote a bill. Recall would allow the people to end an elected official's term before it expired. They also called for the secret ballot and a one-term limit for the President.
In 1892, the Populists ran JAMES WEAVER for President on this ambitious platform. He polled over a million popular votes and 22 electoral votes. Although he came far short of victory, Populist ideas were now being discussed at the national level. When the Panic of 1893 hit the following year, an increased number of unemployed and dispossessed Americans gave momentum to the Populist movement. A great showdown was in place for 1896.
The Progressive Era (1890 - 1920)
![[picture: Child laborer, Newberry, SC, 1908]](http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/images/nara_childlaborer.jpg)
Progressivism is the term applied to a variety of responses to the economic and social problems rapid industrialization introduced to America. Progressivism began as a social movement and grew into a political movement. The early progressives rejected Social Darwinism. In other words, they were people who believed that the problems society faced (poverty, violence, greed, racism, class warfare) could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated, and believed that government could be a tool for change. Social reformers, like Jane Addams, and journalists, like Jacob Riis and Ida Tarbel, were powerful voices for progressivism. They concentrated on exposing the evils of corporate greed, combating fear of immigrants, and urging Americans to think hard about what democracy meant. Other local leaders encouraged Americans to register to vote, fight political corruption, and let the voting public decide how issues should best be addressed (the initiative, the referendum, and the recall). On a national level, progressivism gained a strong voice in the White House when Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901. TR believed that strong corporations were good for America, but he also believed that corporate behavior must be watched to ensure that corporate greed did not get out of hand (trust-busting and federal regulation of business). Progressivism ended with World War I when the horrors of war exposed people's cruelty and many Americans associated President Woodrow Wilson's use of progressive language ("the war to make the world safe for democracy") with the war.
1. Who were the Muckrakers?
ReplyDelete2. What was the women's suffrage and when did they get the right to vote?
3. Who was W.E.B Du Bois and what did he believe in?
4. What was the Panic of 1907?
5. Why did progressives support the 18 amendment?
1. The Muckrakers were journalist who exposed the corruption in poltic and business in the early 20 Century.
Delete2. The women Suffrage was women who were trying to get the right to vote during the Progressive Era and in 1920 America granted women the right to vote.
3. W.E.B Du Bois was a civil right activist, he believed that all African Americans should get an education especially the "talented tenth".
4. The Panic of 1907 was when America had a financial crisis, New York stocks fell almost 50 percent from the previous year.
5. Progressives supported the 18 amendment because they believed it was causing problems in society and increasing poverty.
1. What was the "square deal"?
ReplyDelete2. What was the Women's Christian Temperance Union?
3. Who was Susan B. Anthony ?
4. How did women get the right to vote ?
5. What was the 19th Amendment ?
1. The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.
Delete2. The Women's Christian Temperance Union was a group of women devoted to bring a social reform. They fought for the prohibition of alcohol and women's suffrage.
3. Susan B. Anthony was a suffragist women. She and Stanton founded the New York Women's State Temperance Society and the National Woman Suffrage Association as part of a split in the women's movement.
4. The women got the voting right 72 years after the Seneca Falls Convention when the 19th Amendment was passed.
5. The 19th Amendment is the Amendment that granted American women the right to vote. It was passed in 1920 during Woodrow Wilson presidency.
1. What is the Declaration of Sentiments?
ReplyDelete2. Who organized the Seneca Falls convention?
3. How did journalists played a role during the Progressive era?
4. What is the 19th amendment?
5. What were some of Roosevelt's ideals as a progressive president?
1)The Declaration of Sentiments, also known as the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments, is a document signed in 1848 by 68 women and 32 men—100 out of some 300 attendees at the first women's rights convention to be organized by women.
Delete2)The convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two abolitionists who met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London.
3)As they did throughout the Gilded Age, newspapers would continue to play an instrumental role in affecting the course of the public’s debate on major issues
4)The 19th Amendment (1920) to the Constitution of the United States provides men and women with equal voting rights. The amendment states that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."
5)As President, Roosevelt challenged the ideas of limited government and individualism. In their stead, he advocated government regulation to achieve social and economic justice. He used executive orders to accomplish his goals, especially in conservation, and waged an aggressive foreign policy.
1) What was the Commission Plan?
ReplyDelete2) Who supported Taft and who supported Theodore?
3) Talk about the Panic of 1907.
4) Explain T Washington, De Buois and Garvey's idea. State which one do you support and why.
5) What was the Federal Trade Commission Act?
1) Explain Farmers Grievance?
ReplyDelete2) What did the Muckraker stand for, give an example?
3) who was W.E.B Du Bois?
4) who started the NAWSA?
5)Expalin the triangle shirtwaist fire?
1. What is the 19th Amendment stating?
ReplyDelete2. What was the Commission plan?
3. Name one method of resistance Susan B. Anthony used to get her word out.
4. If you were to add/remove a certain right, what would it be and why? (Can be for Men or Women)
5. Name someone from the progressive era and state their cause and what they believe in.
1. It guaranteed women the right to vote.
Delete2.It was attempts to produce an efficient city administration who were experts in rebuilding the city.
3 Hunger Strike
4. I would add the right for African women to vote during that period because if African American men are allowed to vote then it's also neccessary for the women to voote as well.
5.Jane Addams-She a pioneer settlement social worker, sociologist, and leader in women's suffrage
1. Who was WEB DuBois?
ReplyDelete2. Who was Booker T. Washington?
3. Who were the Muckrakers and what was their goal?
4. Name two figures of the conservation movement.
5. Explain how the 19th Amendment was a GO for all Womens in America.
1. W.E.B DuBois was a historian that believed that African Americans should complain about inequality.
Delete2. Booker T Washington was an educator that believed that African Americans should assimilate into white culture.
3. The Muckrakers were journalists who exposed the problems in the society. Uptown Sinclair,Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens were muckrakers.
4. Two figures of the conservation movement are Glifford Pinchot and John Muir.
5. The 19th Amendment was a GO for all women in America because it guaranteed all American women the right to vote.
1. Who were the Muckrakers? How did they get their name?
ReplyDelete2. What are Boston Marriages?
3. Who are middle class progressives? What were their goals?
4. How was Booker T. Washington different from W.E.B Du Bois?
5. How was Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" different from Roosevelt's "New Nationalism?"
1. Muckrakers were crusading journalist bringing a new spirit of reform to society and trying to direct the public to social, economic and political injustices. They got there name from Roosevelt who accused them of raking up muck through his writing.
Delete2. Boston Marriages were among only women who lived with another women and had a long-term relationship that was secretly romantic.
3. Middle class progressives were "respectable" citizens of the nation's large cities that avoided participation in municipal government. There goal was to challenge the powerful city bosses and their entrenched political organizations.
4. Washington differed from Du Bois because he didn't want African Americans to complain about inequality. Instead, he wanted them to interact with whites and get a vocational education. Du Bois, on the hand, thought African Americans should complain about inequality. And shouldn't accept anything, but equal rights, while getting a formal education.
5. Wilson's "New Freedom" differed from Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" most closely in its approach to economic policy and the trusts. Roosevelt believed in accepting economic concentration and using government to and control it. Wilson, on the other hand, seemed to side with those who believed that bigness was both unjust and inefficient, that the proper response to monopoly was not to regulate it but detroy it completely.
1. Who were the Muckrakers?
ReplyDelete2. Who was Woodrow Wilson
3. How was Booker T. Washington?
4. What was the commission plan?
5. who was susan b. anthony?
1. they were reporters that reported bad things that were going on in the country.
Delete2. He was our president during world war 1
3. He fought for freedom for African Americans he went against segregation
4. the commission plan was when
5. she wanted women suffrege.
)what was women's suffrage? and why was it important?
ReplyDelete2)What was the open door policy?
3)what was the panic of 1907?
4)what was the square deal?
5)explain the significance of progressivism?
What is the panic of 1907?
ReplyDeleteWho are some progressive leaders of women's suffrage?
What role did Muckrakers play in progressive movement?
What is the difference between conservation and preservation?
List some progressive movement that wasn't successful and explain why?
ReplyDeleteWhat is the panic of 1907?
Who are some progressive leaders of women's suffrage?
What role did Muckrakers play in progressive movement?
What is the difference between conservation and preservation?
List some progressi
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteWhat is the panic of 1907?
ReplyDeleteWho are some progressive leaders of women's suffrage?
What role did Muckrakers play in progressive movement?
What is the difference between conservation and preservation?
List some progressive movement that wasn't successful and explain why?
1.What was the open door policy?
ReplyDelete2.What was the 18th and 19th Amendment ?
3.Define conservation and preservation?
4.What was the Commission plan?
5.Who were the Muckrakers and what was their goal?
1. The Open Door policy was the United States' idea of how China should open up their ports to foreign countries. That way it can be a two way street and both countries can benefit from the trades.
Delete2. 18th Amendment- prohibited alcoholic beverages in the U.S. by making its production, transport, and sale illegal. 19th Amendment- gave women the right to vote.
3. Conservation- protection and restoration of the natural environment. Preservation- keeping something in its natural order/habitat(leave it alone).
4. An arrangement in which people are paid by performance.
5. Muckrakers were U.S. journalists who had the goal of exposing the corruption going on in politics and business.
1. Who were the populists?
ReplyDelete2. What is the Declaration of Sentiments?
3. Why did the Progressive movement occur (what was the goal)?
4. Name three successful accomplishment of President Roosevelt.
5. How did women protest during the Suffrage movement?
1. The populists were a group that favored the labor movement
Delete2. The Declaration of Sentiments was a propsal for women suffrage at the Seneca Falls Convention.
3. The goal of the Progressive movement was to remove corruption in governemnt and in social life.
4. Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, Big Stick Policy
5. They protested by picketing, or lobbying.
1. Why was Theodore Roosevelt called the trustbuster?
ReplyDelete2. What did the 19th Amendment say?
3. What was the "square deal"?
4. What was the Commission Plan?
5. Why did the Seneca Falls Convention issue the DEclaration of Sentiments?
1. Roosevelt was called a trust buster because he was known for breaking different trusts that didn't do good for the United States.
Delete2. The 19th amendment granted equal governmental rights to anyone no matter their sex.
3. The square deal was to deal with the environment, control of corporations, and consumer protection.
4. The commission plan was a way people were paid based on their performance.
5. The declaration of sentiments was issued to declare to the president that the women want suffrage rights.
1)why was teddy Roosevelt a trustbuster?
ReplyDelete2)who where the populists?
3)what was the door policy?
4) what was the square deal?
5) why is progressivism significant?
1. What did the 19th Amendment do?
ReplyDelete2. What was a muckraker?
3. Who was Susan B. Anthony?
4. Explain Booker T. Washington's ideas.
5. How did women obtain the right to vote?(what did they do?)
1.The 19th amendment is a very important amendment to the constitution as it gave women the right to vote in 1920.
Delete2. A person who intentionally seeks out and publishes the misdeeds, such as criminal acts or corruption, of a public individual for profit or gain
3.Susan Brownell Anthony was an American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17
4.Booker T. Washington, educator, reformer and the most influentional black leader of his time (1856-1915) preached a philosophy of self-help, racial solidarity and accomodation.
5.The Women’s Strike for Equality was organized by the National Organization for Women (NOW) and its then-president Betty Friedan. At a NOW conference in March 1970, Betty Friedan called for the Strike for Equality, asking women to stop working for a day to draw attention to the prevalent problem of unequal pay for women’s work.
1.) What effect did the muckrakers have on the Progressive Era?
ReplyDelete2.) What is women's suffrage?
3.) What is the Declaration of Sentiments?
4.) What was the Federal Trade Commission Act?
5.) Explain the different ways women protested during the suffrage movement?
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1-What were three methods the women used to get the suffrage?
ReplyDelete2-Who organized the Seneca Falls Convention?
3-Who was Booker T. Washington?
4- What was the Federal Reserve System?
5- Who were the Muckrakers?
1- Three methods that women used to get their suffrage was lobbying, which is trying to get member of the Congress to vote against or in support of a bill. Picketing, protesting outside a building with signs (The White House). They also had a hunger strike, which means that they refused to eat food, in order to get the support for a cause.
Delete2- Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a women who supported the women's suffrage, was the women who organized the Seneca Falls Convention to discuss the role that women had in society, religion and politics.
3- Booker T. Washington was the founder of the Tuskegee Institute who promoted the idea of Formal Education for the African-Americans and more especially for the talented ones.
4- The Federal Reserve System was a bank for banks that tries to help the economy, this bank controls the interest rates, and the money supply.
5- The Muckrakers were American journalist who wrote about what was going on in the United States, they investigated about what was going on behind something and they would write about it: Ida Tarbell, she wrote the History of The Standard Oil Company and about how John D. Roosevelt had unfair business. Upton Sinclair, he wrote The Jungle to let the Americans know about the conditions in the Meatpacking, and how unsafe and insanity they were. Lincoln Steffens wrote to expose the corruption of politics in cities, he wrote the Shame Of The Cities.
1) What was the Dawes Act?
ReplyDelete2) What were the commercial farmers concentrated on?
3) Who were muckrakers?
4) What is the NAWSA?
5) What was Marcus Garvey's ideology on black nationalism?
1) The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was created in order to eliminate the tribal ownership and separate into hierarchical and capitalist individualist ownership's of land pieces.
Delete2) The commercial farmers were concentrated on producing goods in the agricultural economy that filled a similar role to that of the manufacturing economy. They were concentrating on producing cash crops for national and world markets.
3) Muckrakers was a term coined by Theodore Roosevelt. They were a group of individuals that were determined to expose scandal, corruption, and injustice to the public. Two examples were Ida Tarbell writings on the Standard Oil Trust. The other being Lincoln Steffens book, The Shame of the Cities.
4)The NAWSA was abbreviation for National American Women Suffrage Movement that supported women rights.
5) He believed in being proud of African heritage. To have pride in their own race and culture. He believed in returning to Africa in order to spread and quick out the imperialistic Europeans.
Analysts Predict: Your Financial Savings Will Be Gone In 12 Months
ReplyDeleteBREAKING NEWS: Analyst predicts the fall of the US Dollar within 12 months
Let’s face it.
The US is no longer the power house and it once was.
We already have more problems than we can handle across the border.
Not to mention the unemployment rates rising.
Now all these things are NOTHING to what’s going to come next.
You see the US Dollar itself is going to collapse.
>>[Watch This Video To Learn More]<<
The downtrend has been clear since 1973.
Now we’re on the verge of total financial meltdown.
And the worst thing is…
We cannot stop or avoid it this time.
>>[Watch This Video To Learn More]<<
Make sure you watch that video before it’s taken down by the government.
This is serious stuff and you need to share it with your friends and family if you truly care about their safety.
Speak soon.
[Mr Mark Fidelman]