ANDREW JACKSON’S MILITARY CAREER
Andrew Jackson, who served as a major general in the War of 1812, commanded U.S. forces in a five-month campaign against the Creek Indians, allies of the British. After that campaign ended in a decisive American victory in the Battle of Tohopeka (or Horseshoe Bend) in Alabama in mid-1814, Jackson led American forces to victory over the British in the Battle of New Orleans (January 1815). The win, which occurred after the War of 1812 officially ended but before news of theTreaty of Ghent had reached Washington, elevated Jackson to the status of national war hero. In 1817, acting as commander of the army’s southern district, Jackson ordered an invasion of Florida. After his forces captured Spanish posts at St. Mark’s and Pensacola, he claimed the surrounding land for the United States. The Spanish government vehemently protested, and Jackson’s actions sparked a heated debate in Washington. Though many argued for Jackson’s censure, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams defended the general’s actions, and in the end they helped speed the American acquisition of Florida in 1821.
Jackson’s popularity led to suggestions that he run for president. At first he professed no interest in the office, but by 1824 his boosters had rallied enough support to get him a nomination as well as a seat in the U.S. Senate. In a five-way race, Jackson won the popular vote, but for the first time in history no candidate received a majority of electoral votes. The House of Representatives was charged with deciding between the three leading candidates: Jackson, Adams and Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford. Critically ill after a stroke, Crawford was essentially out, and Speaker of the House Henry Clay (who had finished fourth) threw his support behind Adams, who later made Clay his secretary of state. Jackson’s supporters raged against what they called the “corrupt bargain” between Clay and Adams, and Jackson himself resigned from the Senate.
ANDREW JACKSON IN THE WHITE HOUSE
Andrew Jackson won redemption four years later in an election that was characterized to an unusual degree by negative personal attacks. Jackson and his wife were accused of adultery on the basis that Rachel had not been legally divorced from her first husband when she married Jackson. Shortly after his victory in 1828, the shy and pious Rachel died at the Hermitage; Jackson apparently believed the negative attacks had hastened her death. The Jacksons did not have any children but were close to their nephews and nieces, and one niece, Emily Donelson, would serve as Jackson’s hostess in the White House.
Jackson was the nation’s first frontier president, and his election marked a turning point in American politics, as the center of political power shifted from East to West. “Old Hickory” was an undoubtedly strong personality, and his supporters and opponents would shape themselves into two emerging political parties: The pro-Jacksonites became the Democrats (formally Democrat-Republicans) and the anti-Jacksonites (led by Clay and Daniel Webster) were known as the Whig Party. Jackson made it clear that he was the absolute ruler of his administration’s policy, and he did not defer to Congress or hesitate to use his presidential veto power. For their part, the Whigs claimed to be defending popular liberties against the autocratic Jackson, who was referred to in negative cartoons as “King Andrew I.”
BANK OF THE UNITED STATES AND CRISIS IN SOUTH CAROLINA
A major battle between the two emerging political parties involved the Bank of the United States, the charter of which was due to expire in 1832. Andrew Jackson and his supporters opposed the bank, seeing it as a privileged institution and the enemy of the common people; meanwhile, Clay and Webster led the argument in Congress for its recharter. In July, Jackson vetoed the recharter, charging that the bank constituted the “prostration of our Government to the advancement of the few at the expense of the many.” Despite the controversial veto, Jackson won reelection easily over Clay, with more than 56 percent of the popular vote and five times more electoral votes.
Though in principle Jackson supported states’ rights, he confronted the issue head-on in his battle against the South Carolina legislature, led by the formidable Senator John C. Calhoun. In 1832, South Carolina adopted a resolution declaring federal tariffs passed in 1828 and 1832 null and void and prohibiting their enforcement within state boundaries. While urging Congress to lower the high tariffs, Jackson sought and obtained the authority to order federal armed forces to South Carolina to enforce federal laws. Violence seemed imminent, but South Carolina backed down, and Jackson earned credit for preserving the Union in its greatest moment of crisis to that date.
ANDREW JACKSON’S LEGACY
In contrast to his strong stand against South Carolina, Andrew Jackson took no action after Georgia claimed millions of acres of land that had been guaranteed to the Cherokee Indians under federal law, and he declined to enforce a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that Georgia had no authority over Native American tribal lands. In 1835, the Cherokees signed a treaty giving up their land in exchange for territory west of Arkansas, where in 1838 some 15,000 would head on foot along the so-called Trail of Tears. The relocation resulted in the deaths of thousands.
In the 1836 election, Jackson’s chosen successor Martin Van Buren defeated Whig candidate William Henry Harrison, and Old Hickory left the White House even more popular than when he had entered it. Jackson’s success seemed to have vindicated the still-new democratic experiment, and his supporters had built a well-organized Democratic Party that would become a formidable force in American politics. After leaving office, Jackson retired to the Hermitage, where he died in June 1845.
1) What was the difference between the Whigs and the Democrats?
ReplyDelete2) Why did Jackson end the Bank of United States?
3) How did the Trail of Tears affect the United States government?
4) Who was Andrew Jackson?
5) When did the nullification take place? Why did it take place?
1) The difference between the Whigs and the Democrats was that the Wighs supported a strong Federal Government and the Democrats believed that the power of the Federal Govt should be limited.
Delete2) Jackson ended the Bank of the United States because it was more in favor of the rich people and also because the govt was controled by "foreign interest".
3) A lot of people died.
4) Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States.
5) The Nullification theory was created before the Nillification Crisis, which gives to the states the rigth to invalidate any federal law.
1) What is the significance of the Dorr Rebellion?
ReplyDelete2) The spoiling system was used for which purpose?
3) Jackson forcing the natives to move west and his antipathy towards the em led go what war? Explain
4) Why was jackosn so content on destroying the Bank of the United States?
5) Explain the difference between Democrats and Whigs?
1.failed attempt to force broader democracy in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, where a small rural elite was in control of government. Wilson Dorr mobilized the disfranchised to demand changes to the state's electoral rules.
Delete2. To gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party.
3. ?
4. Andrew Jackson and his supporters opposed the bank, seeing it as a privileged institution and the enemy of the common people.
5.Democrats believed that government should leave business alone, neither helping nor hindering it while the Whigs believed government should protect industry with tariffs on imports, with grants of monopolies, with construction of harbors and railroads, with a national banking system.
1) What was the panic of 1837?
ReplyDelete2) What was the Bank War.
3) How was the Whigs and the Democrats different from each other?
4) What was the Nullification Crisis about?
5) Who was Andrew Jackson and what did he do?
1) Who were the Whigs?
ReplyDelete2) What was the Log Cabin Campaign?
3) What years did the Black Hawk War Occur?
4) Who fought between the war, who was leading the Natives in this war?
5) Jackson wanted to destroy _____(s) because...?
1) Who supported the Democrats?
ReplyDelete2) What was the Declaratory Act?
3)What was the Panic of 1837?
4) Why did Jackson want to remove 1/5 of office-holders?
5) What was the significance of the Bank War?
1) Andrew Jackson was the one who supported the democrats or people of the north part of the east coast.
Delete2) The Declaratory Act was when the British repealed the different Acts placed on the colonists, specifically the Stamp and Sugar Act.
3) The Panic of 1837 was the financial crisis that was faced amongst the people when Van Buren was elected as a president.
4) Jackson wanted to remove 1/5 of office holders because of the misuse of government funds and different forms of corruptions the government.
5) The significance of the Bank War was it displayed the economical issues of the recreation of the Second National Bank, there were a lot of issues.
1.) What was Andrew Jackson's role in the War of 1812?
ReplyDelete2.) What group of people were involved in the Trail of Tears?
3.) What is the difference between the Whigs and
4.) Did Andrew Jackson agree or opposed the Bank of the United States?
5.) What happened in the Panic of 1837?
1)Andrew Jackson's role in the war of 1812 was that he was assigned Major general and sent to new Orleans to prepare the city denfense against the British troops.
Delete2) The cherokee indian tribe and jackson.
3)The difference between whigs and the Democrats was that Democrats opposed tariffs and whigs supported banks.
4)Jackson opposed the Bank of the United states.
5) The panic of 1837 had to deal with economic policies, Jackson refused to renew the second bank of the United States.
1)Who was Andrew Jackson?
ReplyDelete2)Who were the whigs?
3)How did William Henry Harrison die?
4)What did the whigs do to win the 1840 election?
5) Why did the whigs found their four years in power frustrating?
1) Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States. He developed a theory of democracy and embraced the philosophy of the spoils system.
Delete2) The Whigs were a American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose president Andrew Jackson and the Democrats. They stood for protective tariffs and national banking, but feared westward expansion, thought rapid territorial growth would produce instability.
3) William Henry Harrison died from complications with his lungs, also known as Pneumonia. And died on his 32nd day in office.
4) In order to win the 1840 election the Whigs potrayed William Henry Harrison has a simple man of the people who loved log cabins and hard cider. And they accused Van Buren of being an aloof aristocrat who used cologne, drank champagne, and ate from gold plates.
5) The Whigs found their four years in power frustrating because their popular new president William Henry Harrison died of pneumonia one month after taking office. And with the coming of the Vice President, Tyler, things soon changed negatively.
Who was Andrew Jackson?
ReplyDeleteWhat is the difference between the whigs and the democrats?
Who did the whigs nominate for president?
What is the nullification crisis?
What topic was Webster and Hayne debating on and why?
1) Andrew Jackson was a asristocrat who rose to where he is. He was not a born aristocrat. Jackson later becomes the seventh president of the United States. He believed in democracy he wanted to help the working class. 2) The difference between Whigs and Democrats was the Whigs advocated a strong federal government. The Whigs also the government should promote economic and social goals. The Democrats wanted a weak government and they complete opposed tariffs. 3) The Whigs nominated Daniel Webster. 4) The nullification Crisis was a conflict between South Carolina and the federal government. The Carolinian were anger with the tariffs directed to them, they wanted to nullify the tariffs. 5) Daniel Webster and Robert Y. Hayne were debating about the State's rights verus the National government's power.
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ReplyDelete1) What happened in 1837?
ReplyDelete2) What is the difference between Democrats and Whigs?
3) Who were involved in the Aroostock War of 1838? (Countries)
4) What did the Webster Ashburton treaty do?
5) What is Jackson view on the Bank of the United States?
1. In 1837, the dispute between two companies over who had the right to build a bridge across the Charles River in Massachusetts took place.
Delete2. The main difference between Democrats and the Whigs is that the Democrats believed that the role of the government should be limited, while the Whigs favored expanding the power of the federal government.
3. The United States and Great Britain were involved in the Aroostock War of 1838.
4. The Webster Ashburton treaty resolved several border issues(Aroostock War) between the U.S. and Great Britain.
5. Jackson opposed concentrating power in the federal government when it came to economic issues.
1) Who was James Kent? What did he argue about society?
ReplyDelete2) What was the Dorr Rebellion?
3) What caused the Nullification Crisis?
4) How were Democrats different from Whigs? BE SPECIFIC.
5) How was the Treaty of Wang Hya beneficial to Americans?
1)James Kent was an American jurist and legal scholar. He was the author of Commentaries on American Law.
Delete2)The Dorr Rebellion was a failed attempt to force broader democracy in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, where a small rural elite was in control of government.
3) The Nullification Crisis was caused when the convention declared that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable within the state of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. They said that attempts to use force to collect the taxes would lead to the state's secession.
4)Democrats believed that government should leave business alone, neither helping nor hindering it.The Whigs believed government should protect industry with tariffs on imports, with grants of monopolies, with construction of harbors and railroads, with a national banking system.
5) The treaty of Wang Hya was beneficial to the Americans because it extended to the United States trading privileges.
1) What didn't advance during the "the age of Jackson"?
ReplyDelete2) Why did Jackson want to preserve the Union?
3) How was cxalhoun affected by the Peggy Eaton affair?
4) What is nullification?
5) How did the panic of 1837 significantly effect the United States?
1)The so called "Age of Jackson" did not advanced so well the economic equality. The distribution of land and wealth had changed at the end of this era, but it wasn't a big difference from what it started like.
Delete3)As the result of the Peggy Eaton affair, Jackson took away Calhoun's dream for the presidency, and had chosen Van Buren instead.
4)The right for a state to eliminate any law that the state might conciser, unconstitutional.
5) This led to the biggest depression in America, at that time, business and banks failed miserably, there were food riots. This led the Democrats to pay for no government intervention.
1) How did the Whig Deplomacy worked?
ReplyDelete2) What was Jackson's plan of Nullification?
3) How did Van Buren came to power?
4)Why was mass politics so important in Jackson's time? Explain.
5) What was Biddle's Institution? Was it approved by the government?
1. Established relations with China, Americans received same privileges as British such as extraterritoriality and port used.
Delete2. He proposed bill to authorize use f military to see acts of congress
obeyed.
3.Van Buren came to power in 1831 by Jackson, to replace him in Washington .
4. Jackson's supporters embraced ''spoils system'', making right of elected officials to established feature of Americans politics. He want to simplify official duties to make office more accessible.
5. Bank of United State in 1830s that tell that by laws only place were government could deposit its funds , the government approve because it conducted private business issuing credit, and state banks.
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ReplyDelete1. Who was Andrew Jackson?
ReplyDelete2. What did Decrocratic party embraced?
3. Did Andrew Jackson approved for the Indians to move west?
4. Who was chief black Hawk?
5. How many years was the Black Hawk War?
1. Andrew Jackson was known
Delete2. The Democratic party believed in helping the people in the country they are ruling.
3. Yes Andrew Jackson approved it, he kicked the Indians out by false.
4. He led the Sauk Indians.
5. This war did not last for long it lasted for a couple of days?
1. What was "The Webster-Hayne Debate" about?
ReplyDelete2. What was the theory of nullification?
3. Who was Martin Van Buren?
4. What was Jackson's view on the power of the National Bank? How is it significant?
5. What were the differences between the Democrats and the Whigs? And what role did their differences play?
1)The Webster-Hayne Debate ensued over issue of states rights and national power. Hayne claimed slowing down West growth means for east to retain political and economic power. Then Webster attacked Hayne for challenging integrity of the Union.
Delete2)The theory of nullification was a theory where a state had the right to void any federal law.
3)Martin Van Buren was the Secretary of State and then became President
4)Jackson opposed the Bank of United States, it was significant because he tried to eliminate it first by vetoing the renewal bill and then by removing government deposits
5)There are so many differences between Whigs and Democrats. Whigs were supported by merchants and manufactures, wealthy Southern planters, western commercialists. Democrats were supported by smaller merchants and workingmen,agrarian westerners.Democrats wanted to expand economic and political opportunity for white males, limited government but one that removed obstacles to opportunity. Whigs wanted to expand power of fed government, industrial and commercial development, knit country into consolidated economic system.
1)What was the panic of 1837?
ReplyDelete2)Against what did Jackson willing to use federal laws on?
3)Who was Nicholas Biddle?
4)How did the Whig party start?
5) What did democrats in the 1830s want?
1) In 1836 not long before leaving office , jackson issued a presidential order the speccie circular it provided that in payment for public lands thr government would only accept gold or silver coins or currency securely backed by gold or silver.
Delete2)Jackson was quiete willing to use federal power against rebellious states and against tribes.
3)Nicholas Biddle served as president of the bank from 1823 and had done much to put the institution on a sound and prosperous basis.
4)It began as a gathering of national political leaders opposed to Jacksons use of power. Denouncing the president as King Andrew I" they began to refer themselves as Whigs.
5)Democrats in 1830s envisioned a future of steadily expanding economics and political opportunities for white males.
1) In 1836 not long before leaving office , jackson issued a presidential order the speccie circular it provided that in payment for public lands thr government would only accept gold or silver coins or currency securely backed by gold or silver.
Delete2)Jackson was quiete willing to use federal power against rebellious states and against tribes.
3)Nicholas Biddle served as president of the bank from 1823 and had done much to put the institution on a sound and prosperous basis.
4)It began as a gathering of national political leaders opposed to Jacksons use of power. Denouncing the president as King Andrew I" they began to refer themselves as Whigs.
5)Democrats in 1830s envisioned a future of steadily expanding economics and political opportunities for white males.
1) Who were the Whigs?
ReplyDelete2) Who was Andrew Jackson?
3) What was the Declaratory Act?
4) Why did Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States?
5) What were some results of the Panic of 1837?
1)the Whigs where a party that many of the early presidents where part of
Delete2)he was the seventh president
3) this was a act the took away the stamped act and the sugar act
4)because he believed the central bank held to much power
5) this was a financial crisis that brought down profit prices and wages
1) what happened in the panic of 1837?
ReplyDelete2)what did jackson veto?
3) what is the second party system?
4)why was martin von buren important?
5) what caused the dorr rebellion?
1) It was a moment where America was suffering an economic crisis, wages were down, prices went up. All while unemployment rates went up.
Delete2) Jackson Vetoed the bill re-charting the second bank
3) It was the main political system after the first one ended, this political lasted a few years (1828 to 1854)
4) He was the president of the United States and won independence from England
5) Bad Qualities of the electoral system.
1. Who replace Andrew Jackson in1831 ?
ReplyDelete2. What happened during Van Buren presidency in 1837 ?
3. What was the trials of tears ?
4. What happened to the Indian society in 1830s ?
5. What was hard money ?
1) Andrew Jackson was replaced by Martin Van Buren.
Delete2) During the Van Buren presidency, we have an event called "The Panic of 1837". He elected an economic boom that lead to the constructions of railroads, canals and etc, Then a financial panic rises and businesses fail which later led to a depression.
3) The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American nations in the United States.
4) The Indian Society in the 1830 experienced the relocations. President Andrew Jackson was able to gain Congressional passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which authorized the government to extinguish Native American title to lands in the Southeast.
5. Hard money policies (as opposed to fiat currency policies) support a specie standard, usually gold or silver, typically implemented with representative money.
1)Who were the Whigs?
ReplyDelete2)What was the Distribution Act?
3)What was the "hard money"?
4)Who did the Whigs represented?
5)Why was Jackson, against the national Bank?
1) The whigs were those who were anti-Jackson forces.
Delete2) The distribution act required the federal government to pay the surplus funds back to the states in four parts yearly as interest free loans that weren't expected to be paid back.
3) Hard money was gold and silver as the basis for money.
4) The whigs represented expansion of the federal government's power, encouraged industrialization and commercial development, and the economic system connecting the country. They wanted to emphasize on a industrial future and growth commercially and manufacturing power but were fearful of western expansion as it might lead to instability.
5) Jackson was against the national bank because he himself supported harfd money due to past failure because his business failed and he fell in debt. Afterwards, he was always suspicious of bank notes and banks.
1)Who were the Whigs?
ReplyDelete2)What was the Distribution Act?
3)What was the "hard money"?
4)Who did the Whigs represented?
5)Why was Jackson, against the national Bank?
1)what was the tariff of abomination?
ReplyDelete2)what was the presidents unofficial cabinet
3)what was the two sides of the bank
4)why was there such a big argument of "soft money" and "hard money"
5)why did Martin van burn lead his own faction called the "buck tails"
1) It was a tariff passed by President John Quincy Adams in order t protect your industries that are running out of business.
Delete2) It was a name given to President Jackson's advisers such as Van Buren.
3) Andrew Jackson and his supporters wanted to abolish the bank while Clay and Webster made arguments for keeping it.
4) There was such a big argument because Jackson and others did not trusted soft money and were suspicious of the bank who used it.
5) Bucktails was the first political organization and it allowed Van Buren to gain a lot of influence and take advantage of the spoils system.